Threats evolve. Impunity endures
Between 2006 and 2025, over 1,600 journalists were killed around the world, with close to 6 out of 7 cases remaining judicially unresolved, according to the UNESCO Observatory of Killed Journalists. Impunity leads to more killings and is often a symptom of worsening conflict and the breakdown of law and judicial systems. In recent years, declining press freedom worldwide has exposed journalists to growing threats—including escalating attacks, judicial harassment through Strategic Lawsuits against Public Participation (SLAPPs), arbitrary detention, intimidation, and murder—making independent journalism increasingly dangerous.
Remembrance and the Call to Accountability
The International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists (IDEI) is observed annually on November 2 to break the cycle of violence against media workers and dismantle the global culture of impunity. The United Nations General Assembly established this day in 2013 to address the staggering reality that nearly 90% of all violent crimes and killings targeting journalists go entirely unpunished. The specific date of November 2 was chosen to honor the memory of Claude Verlon and Ghislaine Dupont, two French journalists who were assassinated in Mali on November 2, 2013. The day serves as a solemn reminder of the steep human cost paid by those searching for the truth.
New Frontiers of Intimidation: Threats Evolve
This year’s theme, "Threats evolve. Impunity endures," draws attention to new technologies, digital abuse, online harassment, and evolving dangers in conflict zones. While killings are the most extreme form of media censorship, journalists are also subjected to countless other threats, ranging from kidnapping and torture to relentless digital harassment.
These threats create a climate of fear for media professionals, impeding the free circulation of information, opinions, and ideas. Women journalists are particularly impacted by these dangers, notably through targeted online attacks. According to UNESCO’s discussion paper, The Chilling: Global trends in online violence against women journalists, 73 percent of surveyed women journalists stated they had been threatened, intimidated, and insulted online in connection with their work.
The Fatal Ripple Effect of Impunity
In many cases, threats of violence and attacks against journalists are not properly investigated. This impunity emboldens perpetrators while simultaneously casting a chilling effect over society. Yet, while the methods used to target journalists are changing, those responsible for killing them continue to escape justice.
The harms of impunity extend far beyond the victims and their families. When attacks go unpunished, public-interest reporting is suppressed—including vital investigations into corruption, human rights abuses, and organized crime. Journalists reporting from armed conflicts face particular danger. International humanitarian law is very clear: journalists are civilians who must be protected at all times. Any attack or act of intimidation against them must be investigated promptly, independently, and effectively.
Defending the Watchdogs of Democracy
Ending impunity for crimes against journalists is one of the most important and complex challenges of recent times. It is an essential precondition to guaranteeing freedom of expression and access to information for all citizens.
Journalism acts as a watchdog over power. When journalists are threatened, silenced, jailed, or killed, the public’s right to know is under attack, and the very pillars underpinning democracy shift. On this International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists, we must remember all those journalists who have been killed in the course of their work. It is vitally important that governments, civil society, the media, and everyone dedicated to upholding the rule of law join this global effort. Impunity must end.
Wayne Campbell is an educator and social commentator with an interest in development policies as they affect culture and or gender issues.
waykam@yahoo.com
@WayneCamo
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